Many market failures - such as pollution and congestion - are often well illustrated by environmental problems. It is therefore a good idea to visit the websites of Greenpeace

(www.greenpeace.org) , the WorldWide Fund for Nature (www.wwf.org ) and the UK Department for Environment,Transport and the Regions (www.detr.gov.uk ). Interesting details of the American policy of issuing tradeable emissions permits are available at the website of the US Environmental Protection Agency (www.eta.gov/etahome/programs.htm) Anil Markandya and Pamela Mason investigate whether we can put a monetary value on human life in ‘Air pollution and health’ in Economic Review, November 1999. Other useful references include three articles in the 1998 edition of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy, namely Dieter Helm ‘The assessment: Environmental Policy – objectives, instruments and institutions’; Scott Barrett ‘The political economy of the Kyoto Protocol’ ; and David Pearce ‘Cost benefit analysis and environmental policy’. The summer 1998 issue of Journal of Economic Perspectives has an interesting discussion of the trading of sulphur dioxide emission permits.